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| <tr><td width=20><td><b>SED(1)</b><td align=right><b>SED(1)</b> |
| <tr><td width=20><td colspan=2> |
| <br> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br> |
| |
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| sed – stream editor<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br> |
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| <tt><font size=+1>sed</font></tt> [ <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−g</font></tt> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> <i>script</i> ] [ <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt> <i>sfile</i> ] [ <i>file ...</i> ]<br> |
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| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br> |
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| <i>Sed</i> copies the named <i>files</i> (standard input default) to the standard |
| output, edited according to a script of commands. The <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt> option |
| causes the script to be taken from file <i>sfile</i>; these options accumulate. |
| If there is just one <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> option and no <tt><font size=+1>−f</font></tt>’s, the flag <tt><font size=+1>−e</font></tt> may be |
| omitted. The <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> option suppresses the default |
| output; <tt><font size=+1>−g</font></tt> causes all substitutions to be global, as if suffixed |
| <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt>. |
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| |
| A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the following |
| form:<br> |
| |
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| |
| [<i>address</i> [<tt><font size=+1>,</font></tt> <i>address</i>] ] <i>function</i> [<i>argument</i> ...] |
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| |
| |
| </table> |
| In normal operation <i>sed</i> cyclically copies a line of input into |
| a <i>pattern space</i> (unless there is something left after a <tt><font size=+1>D</font></tt> command), |
| applies in sequence all commands whose <i>addresses</i> select that pattern |
| space, and at the end of the script copies the pattern space to |
| the standard output (except under <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt>) and deletes the |
| pattern space. |
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| |
| An <i>address</i> is either a decimal number that counts input lines |
| cumulatively across files, a <tt><font size=+1>$</font></tt> that addresses the last line of |
| input, or a context address, <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>regular-expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>, in the style |
| of <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a>, with the added convention that <tt><font size=+1>\n</font></tt> matches a newline |
| embedded in the pattern space. |
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| |
| A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space. |
| |
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| |
| A command line with one address selects each pattern space that |
| matches the address. |
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| |
| A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range |
| from the first pattern space that matches the first address through |
| the next pattern space that matches the second. (If the second |
| address is a number less than or equal to the line number first |
| selected, only one line is selected.) Thereafter the process is |
| repeated, looking again for the first address. |
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| |
| Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern spaces |
| by use of the negation function <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt> (below). |
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| |
| An argument denoted <i>text</i> consists of one or more lines, all but |
| the last of which end with <tt><font size=+1>\</font></tt> to hide the newline. Backslashes |
| in text are treated like backslashes in the replacement string |
| of an <tt><font size=+1>s</font></tt> command, and may be used to protect initial blanks and |
| tabs against the stripping that is done on every script line. |
| |
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| |
| An argument denoted <i>rfile</i> or <i>wfile</i> must terminate the command |
| line and must be preceded by exactly one blank. Each <i>wfile</i> is |
| created before processing begins. There can be at most 120 distinct |
| <i>wfile</i> arguments.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>a\<br> |
| </font></tt><i>text</i> Append. Place <i>text</i> on the output before reading the next input |
| line.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>b</font></tt> <i>label</i> Branch to the <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> command bearing the <i>label</i>. If <i>label</i> is |
| empty, branch to the end of the script.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>c\<br> |
| </font></tt><i>text</i> Change. Delete the pattern space. With 0 or 1 address or at |
| the end of a 2-address range, place <i>text</i> on the output. Start |
| the next cycle.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>d</font></tt> Delete the pattern space. Start the next cycle.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>D</font></tt> Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through the first |
| newline. Start the next cycle.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> Replace the contents of the pattern space by the contents of |
| the hold space.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>G</font></tt> Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>h</font></tt> Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the |
| pattern space.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>H</font></tt> Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>i\<br> |
| </font></tt><i>text</i> Insert. Place <i>text</i> on the standard output.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>n</font></tt> Copy the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the pattern |
| space with the next line of input.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>N</font></tt> Append the next line of input to the pattern space with an embedded |
| newline. (The current line number changes.)<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> Print. Copy the pattern space to the standard output.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>P</font></tt> Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through the first |
| newline to the standard output.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> Quit. Branch to the end of the script. Do not start a new cycle.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>r</font></tt> <i>rfile</i> Read the contents of <i>rfile</i>. Place them on the output before |
| reading the next input line.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>s/</font></tt><i>regular-expression</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>replacement</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>flags<br> |
| </i> |
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| |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
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| Substitute the <i>replacement</i> string for instances of the <i>regular-expression</i> |
| in the pattern space. Any character may be used instead of <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt>. |
| For a fuller description see <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a>. <i>Flags</i> is zero or more |
| of<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>g</font></tt> Global. Substitute for all non-overlapping instances of the <i>regular |
| expression</i> rather than just the first one.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>p</font></tt> Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt> <i>wfile<br> |
| </i>Write. Append the pattern space to <i>wfile</i> if a replacement was |
| made.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt> <i>label</i> Test. Branch to the <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> command bearing the <i>label</i> if any |
| substitutions have been made since the most recent reading of |
| an input line or execution of a <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt>. If <i>label</i> is empty, branch to |
| the end of the script.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt><i> wfile<br> |
| </i> |
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| |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
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| Write. Append the pattern space to <i>wfile</i>.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt> Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>y/</font></tt><i>string1</i><tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt><i>string2</i><tt><font size=+1>/<br> |
| </font></tt> |
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| |
| |
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| |
| Transform. Replace all occurrences of characters in <i>string1</i> with |
| the corresponding character in <i>string2</i>. The lengths of <i>string1</i> |
| and <i>string2</i> must be equal.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>!</font></tt><i>function</i> Don’t. Apply the <i>function</i> (or group, if <i>function</i> is <tt><font size=+1>{</font></tt>) |
| only to lines <i>not</i> selected by the address(es).<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>:</font></tt> <i>label</i> This command does nothing; it bears a <i>label</i> for <tt><font size=+1>b</font></tt> and <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt> |
| commands to branch to.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>=</font></tt> Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>{</font></tt> Execute the following commands through a matching <tt><font size=+1>}</font></tt> only when |
| the pattern space is selected.<br> |
| |
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| An empty command is ignored.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
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| </table> |
| |
| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>EXAMPLES </b></font><br> |
| |
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| |
| <tt><font size=+1>sed 10q file<br> |
| </font></tt> |
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| |
| Print the first 10 lines of the file.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>sed '/^$/d'<br> |
| </font></tt> |
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| |
| Delete empty lines from standard input.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>sed 's/UNIX/& system/g'<br> |
| </font></tt> |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| Replace every instance of <tt><font size=+1>UNIX</font></tt> by <tt><font size=+1>UNIX system</font></tt>. |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> |
| |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>sed 's/ *$// </font></tt> drop trailing blanks<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>/^$/d </font></tt> drop empty lines<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>s/ */\ </font></tt> replace blanks by newlines<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>/g<br> |
| /^$/d' chapter*<br> |
| </font></tt> |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| Print the files <tt><font size=+1>chapter1</font></tt>, <tt><font size=+1>chapter2</font></tt>, etc. one word to a line. |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=5><td></table> |
| |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>nroff −ms manuscript | sed '<br> |
| ${<br> |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| /^$/p |
| </table> |
| </font></tt> |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| if last line of file is empty, print it<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| <tt><font size=+1>}<br> |
| //N </font></tt> if current line is empty, append next line<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>/^\n$/D' </font></tt> if two lines are empty, delete the first<br> |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| Delete all but one of each group of empty lines from a formatted |
| manuscript.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| |
| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br> |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/sed.c<br> |
| </font></tt> |
| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br> |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| <a href="../man1/ed.html"><i>ed</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/grep.html"><i>grep</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/awk.html"><i>awk</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/lex.html"><i>lex</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/sam.html"><i>sam</i>(1)</a>, <a href="../man7/regexp.html"><i>regexp</i>(7)</a><br> |
| L. E. McMahon, ‘SED -- A Non-interactive Text Editor’, Unix Research |
| System Programmer’s Manual, Volume 2.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| <p><font size=+1><b>BUGS </b></font><br> |
| |
| <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr height=2><td><tr><td width=20><td> |
| |
| If input is from a pipe, buffering may consume characters beyond |
| a line on which a <tt><font size=+1>q</font></tt> command is executed.<br> |
| |
| </table> |
| |
| <td width=20> |
| <tr height=20><td> |
| </table> |
| <!-- TRAILER --> |
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| <a href="../../"><img src="../../dist/spaceglenda100.png" alt="Space Glenda" border=1></a> |
| </center> |
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| <!-- TRAILER --> |
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