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| <tr><td width=20><td><b>LS(1)</b><td align=right><b>LS(1)</b> |
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| <p><font size=+1><b>NAME </b></font><br> |
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| ls, lc – list contents of directory<br> |
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| <p><font size=+1><b>SYNOPSIS </b></font><br> |
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| <tt><font size=+1>ls</font></tt> [ <tt><font size=+1>−dlmnpqrstuFQ</font></tt> ] <i>name ... |
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| <tt><font size=+1>lc</font></tt> [ <tt><font size=+1>−dlmnpqrstuFQ</font></tt> ] <i>name ...<br> |
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| <p><font size=+1><b>DESCRIPTION </b></font><br> |
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| For each directory argument, <i>ls</i> lists the contents of the directory; |
| for each file argument, <i>ls</i> repeats its name and any other information |
| requested. When no argument is given, the current directory is |
| listed. By default, the output is sorted alphabetically by name. |
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| <i>Lc</i> is the same as <i>ls</i>, but sets the <tt><font size=+1>−p</font></tt> option and pipes the output |
| through <a href="../man1/mc.html"><i>mc</i>(1)</a>. |
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| There are a number of options:<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−d</font></tt> If argument is a directory, list it, not its contents.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−l</font></tt> List in long format, giving mode (see below), file system type |
| (e.g., for devices, the <tt><font size=+1>#</font></tt> code letter that names it; see <a href="../man3/intro.html"><i>intro</i>(3)</a>), |
| the instance or subdevice number, owner, group, size in bytes, |
| and time of last modification for each file.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−m</font></tt> List the name of the user who most recently modified the file.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−n</font></tt> Don’t sort the listing.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−p</font></tt> Print only the final path element of each file name.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−q</font></tt> List the <i>qid</i> (see <a href="../man3/stat.html"><i>stat</i>(3)</a>) of each file; the printed fields |
| are in the order path, version, and type.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−r</font></tt> Reverse the order of sort.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−s</font></tt> Give size in Kbytes for each entry.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−t</font></tt> Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by name.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−u</font></tt> Under <tt><font size=+1>−t</font></tt> sort by time of last access; under <tt><font size=+1>−l</font></tt> print time of |
| last access.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−F</font></tt> Add the character <tt><font size=+1>/</font></tt> after all directory names and the character |
| <tt><font size=+1>*</font></tt> after all executable files.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−L</font></tt> Print the character <tt><font size=+1>t</font></tt> before each file if it has the temporary |
| flag set, and <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> otherwise.<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−Q</font></tt> By default, printed file names are quoted if they contain characters |
| special to <a href="../man1/rc.html"><i>rc</i>(1)</a>. The <tt><font size=+1>−Q</font></tt> flag disables this behavior. |
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| The mode printed under the <tt><font size=+1>−l</font></tt> option contains 11 characters, interpreted |
| as follows: the first character is<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>d</font></tt> if the entry is a directory;<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>a</font></tt> if the entry is an append-only file;<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt> if the entry is a plain file. |
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| The next letter is <tt><font size=+1>l</font></tt> if the file is exclusive access (one writer |
| or reader at a time). |
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| The last 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits |
| each. The first set refers to owner permissions; the next to permissions |
| to others in the same user-group; and the last to all others. |
| Within each set the three characters indicate permission respectively |
| to read, to write, or to execute the file as a program. |
| For a directory, ‘execute’ permission is interpreted to mean permission |
| to search the directory for a specified file. The permissions |
| are indicated as follows:<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>r</font></tt>if the file is readable;<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>w</font></tt>if the file is writable;<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>x</font></tt>if the file is executable;<br> |
| <tt><font size=+1>−</font></tt>if none of the above permissions is granted.<br> |
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| <p><font size=+1><b>SOURCE </b></font><br> |
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| <tt><font size=+1>/usr/local/plan9/src/cmd/ls.c<br> |
| /usr/local/plan9/bin/lc<br> |
| </font></tt> |
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| <p><font size=+1><b>SEE ALSO </b></font><br> |
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| <a href="../man3/stat.html"><i>stat</i>(3)</a>, <a href="../man1/mc.html"><i>mc</i>(1)</a><br> |
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